The predisposition to suicidal behavior comprises three components that can be described from a neuroanatomical, neurobiological, neuropsychological and cognitive perspective. There is thus increasing evidence that the suicidal behavior has as a substrate the cortical and subcortical interconnected brain structures and the function of this structures is mediated by serotonin, noradrenaline, HPA axis and dopamine. The three core cognitive psychological characteristics of suicidal behavior are associated with deficiencies in neuropsychological functioning that point out attention, memory and fluency, respectively.