Not surprisingly, depression is now the second most commonly encountered medical condition, being surpassed only by arterial hypertension. Depression may as well occur in patients diagnosed with other medical (somatic) conditions, including hypertension. It is believed that depression may actually increase the risk of developing arterial hypertension, which might be explained by habits displayed by most of depressive patients, such as alcohol abuse, smoking, weight gain, all of which can favor hypertension and cardiovascular disease occurrence, either by direct effect on the body or by increasing or decreasing certain substances which can adversely affect heart functioning. It is crucial to timely and correctly diagnose and treat depression since, by doing that, in conjunction with arterial hypertension treatment, may ultimately lead to shorter hospitalization times, increased compliance to antihypertensive treatment and definitive improvement of quality of life.