The number of people consuming psychoactive substances is increasingly higher in Romanian society, persons belonging to all social categories and covers the whole range of high-risk drugs. The majority of interventions in patients with substance use problems are undertaken by GPs. In areas where there are no substance misuse specialists the majority of more complex cases are seen by general psychiatrists, with management of the acute medical problems, including overdose and withdrawals, treated in the general hospital. The resultant problems include both mental and physical illnesses and family, housing, employment, and legal difficulties. In treatments, both psychological and pharmacological interventions are used; these may include detoxification and substitute prescribing. (12)