Child Protection in Romania have evolved and includes distinct deinstitutionalization policy, either by having the child reunited with his natural family, professional maternal assistants or foster care. The residential type of protection switched to a family type. Still, there are a large number of children included in the social protection program and they represent a vulnerable group for emotional and behaviour problems. Research objectives Evaluating the physician’s perception, specialists in child psychiatry or pediatrics, about the frequency and impact of emotional disturbances in institutionalized children. Material and Method Exploratory research, survey on a sample of physicians, representative at national level for the two specialties. As base, it was used a questionnaire, developed specifically for the project, having 8 simple statements. Participants were asked to give their opinion, by selecting one of the three alternatives: agree, neither agree – nor disagree, disagree. Study sample: 117 physicians, 41 specialized in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and 76 in Pediatrics. The questionnaire was applied by phone by trained personnel from a specialized company. The mean duration of one phone interview was 15 minutes. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistical methods.