Compliance with drug therapy in chronic diseases has stirred numerous problems in the current medical practice, mostly considering that this therapy has a permanent character. Purpose: This study aims to research the relationship between anxiety level and compliance with medication for hypertension – a chronic disease with high incidence. Such therapy comprises mandatory and permanent drugs; their interruption leads to potentially life-threatening complications. At the same time, we assessed the potential interaction between subjects’ gender and anxiety level, upon the degree of compliance with medication for hypertension. Materials and methods: The study series comprised 172 subjects (same number of males and females), aged between 50 and 60 (considering the age correspondent between males and females), registered to a family medicine practice and diagnosed with hypertension, without other symptomatic comorbidities. We applied The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and The Modified Morisky Scale, to quantify the level of compliance with the treatment prescribed for hypertension. Measurements were taken in similar conditions for all 172 patients, after obtaining informed consent from them and their GP. For data introduction and statistical processing, we used SPSS 15; we studied the correlations between variables using one-way ANOVA. Results: After processing the statistical data, we obtained evidence for the existence of a significant correlation – main effect p < 0.01 – concerning the relationship between anxi-ety level and compliance with anti-hypertension treatment. However, we found no inter-action effect between subjects’ gender and their anxiety level concerning treatment compliance (we obtained a p > 0.05 and even p > 0.09, thus lacking marginal effect). Conclusions: The influence of anxiety level is inversely proportional with long-term compliance with the treatment hypertension: patients with severe anxiety have a lower compliance than those with moderate anxiety, while the latter have a lower compliance than those with mild anxiety. Contrary to initial expectations, we found no interaction effect between the gender and the anxiety level of the subjects concerning their treatment compliance. Clinically, we reiterate the idea that male anxiety reaches similar levels with female anxiety in terms of dealing with a chronic disease – hypertension, for instance; the only difference being their manifestation.