“Schizophrenia is a chronic affection, with a long, ceaseless, intermittent or remitting evolution, whose clinical, complex and polymorphic expression has as central criterion the autistic dissociation of the personality”. Schizophrenia is the most severe and disabling psychosis, with poor growth potential. Other features of schizophrenia identified in literature are: eclecticism, multifactoriality, the multidimensional aspects and the high variability among cultures and regions. Conclusively, schizophrenia is considered a major public health problem due to the early installation, extended development and severe semeiology, which produce pain to both patients and their families and to the environment. Cognitive deficits correlate well with the clinical symptoms and both the severity and duration of an untreated disease have impact on the functioning level. The deficits of the neuro-cognitive domains such as attention, working memory, language skills, and executive functioning tend to be moderate, with higher deficits detected in the learning process and verbal memory.